Westminster Shorter Catechism · Question 88 of 107
What are the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption?
A.The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption, are his ordinances, especially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation.
Which Bible passages support this answer?
The Westminster Assembly attached these Scripture proofs to answer 88. Read them together and ask what each one shows about the answer.
- Matthew 28:19-20
19Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, 20teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And remember, I am with you always, to the end of the age.” (NET)
- Acts 2:42, 46-47
42They were devoting themselves to the apostles’ teaching and to fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. 46Every day they continued to gather together by common consent in the temple courts, breaking bread from house to house, sharing their food with glad and humble hearts, 47praising God and having the good will of all the people. And the Lord was adding to their number every day those who were being saved. (NET)
What does this answer mean?
Christ uses outward and ordinary means to give his people the benefits of redemption. The answer names them as his ordinances, especially the word, the sacraments and prayer. These are made effectual for salvation to God's elect. They are the regular ways Christ feeds his people.
What can we ask our children?
- What three means of grace does the answer name?
- Where do we usually meet these means?
- How can we use them at home?
Can I print this question?
Yes. Every printable here is free for home, church and co-op use. Press Print on any of these pages for a clean sheet.
- Memory card for question 88 (fold-over card, question on the front)
- Copywork page for question 88 (trace, then copy)
- Memory cards for questions 81 to 90
- Copywork for questions 81 to 90
- All Westminster Shorter Catechism printables
Text: The Shorter Catechism, constitutional text of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. Public domain (1647). Proof references: Scripture proofs added by the Westminster Assembly, as transcribed by The Westminster Standard. Scripture quotations are from the NET Bible; see permissions.
Checked against a second edition on November 15, 2026. Explanation and questions by Household Theology Press. Last updated November 15, 2026.